Today, in parallel with the rapid scientific and technological developments, new regulations are being made in educational programs. In this regard, it is aimed to increase teachers’ skills of critical and creative thinking, research, inquiry, problem solving, mathematical reasoning beside having adequate subject field knowledge in 21th century. This study aimed to explore the relationship between primary pre-service science teachers’ math literacy self-efficacies and critical thinking. This study was conducted with pre-service science teachers at Education Faculty, department of primary science education Mathematical Literacy Self efficacy Scale which is developed by Özgen and Bindak (2008) and The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI-R), which is improved by Facione, Facione and Giancarlo (1998) and adapted to Turkish by Kökdemir (2003). A statistical package program of SPSS 16.0 was used for the statistical analysis of the data. When the findings regarding, a positive significant relation has been monitored between mathematics literacy self-efficacy and critical thinking dispositions.